The Behavior Of Eating Disorders - 2650 Words

Introduction In today s society, teenagers desire the stereotypical â€Å"perfect body.† Most girls want to be tiny and twig like, just like the models portrayed in the media. Frequently, the desire to become thin becomes an obsession and girls perceive thinness as being an essential trait. The obsession over weight has led to an increasing number of individual s who have developed eating disorders due to low self-esteem or other related issues. According to a 2002 survey, 1.5% of Canadian women aged 15–24 years have had an eating disorder. Although, children are influenced by numerous external factors that are destroying their bodies, parents play the most significant role in the avoidance of eating disorders. During a child s life, on no occasion should food be used as a reward or punishment. In order for a child to have a healthy life physically, socially, emotionally and financially parents must be role models as a child is heavily influence by their parents. Factors such as ove rall appearance, the ability to form a family, anxiety, academic performance, and the ability to financially support oneself are all influenced by the support children receive from their parents. Grocery shopping together, eating together, encouraging new interests and avoiding comments that directly target physical appearance are essential steps parents should consider. An eating disorder is an illness that causes serious disturbances to ones everyday diet, such as eating extremely small amountsShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders : Eating Behavior And Weight Regulation1034 Words   |  5 PagesEating disorders feature serious disturbances in eating behavior and weight regulation. Associated with a wide range of adverse psychological, physical, and social consequences; eating disorders include severe distress or concern about body weight and shape. Eating disorders are more than simply watching your weight or dieting, they include characteristics such as skipping meals, excessive exercise and overeating. Eating disorders are serious emotional and physical issues with life-threateningRead MoreObesity and Eating Disorders: The Two Extreme Eating Behaviors2538 Words   |  11 Pagesthe eating spectrum, there seems to be two opposite extremes, obesity and eating disorders. Most people would categorize their eating behavior as normal or between these tw o extremes. However, these two conditions are still prevalent in society today. Although rare, eating disorders and obesity have a long history of origin. These conditions, while requiring attention and response, created other concepts and theories. Restraint theory is one that stemmed from curious minds of different eating behaviorRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa Is A Disorder Characterized By Abnormal Eating Behaviors1328 Words   |  6 PagesAnorexia nervosa is a disorder characterized by abnormal eating behaviors. People with anorexia have a fear of gaining weight which causes them to try and maintain a low weight. They will do anything to prevent weight gain. This includes starvation and exercising too much. They do this because not only do they have the fear of gaining weight they have a distorted body image which means even if they are extremely thin they will believe that they are overweight. (Ehrlich, 2015). Anorexia is not reallyRead MoreInfant-Mother Attachment and Eating Disorder Behavior Essay2164 Words   |  9 Pagestheory Mary S. Ainsworth developed a concept unfolding the underlying behaviors infants experience towards their mothers. Without a mother infant bond, insecure attachment can develop causing psychological and emotional stress. However, a maternal bond is needed for a healthy development in an infant, without the necessary mother infant bond negative behaviors can arise leading to difficulties in relationships, negative behaviors, and an anxious attachment beyond infancy caused by a lack of the careRead MoreEffects Of Exercise Behaviors And Body Image And Eating Disorder Development1742 Words   |  7 Pagesexercise behaviors and physical self-esteem on eating behaviors looks at one facet of this relationship. Exercise behaviors that will be looked at will take into account intensity of exercise, exercise frequency, and motivations for exercise. Self-esteem is mult ifaceted, but focusing on physical self-esteem pinpoints the physical appearance factors. Eating behaviors will be defined as the presence of significant eating disorder symptomology further detailed in the methods section. Eating disorder categoriesRead MoreEnvironmental Factors And Biological Factors That Predispose People Habits And Behaviors Of Eating Disorders1679 Words   |  7 PagesPredispose People to Habits and Behaviors of Eating Disorders Brittany N. Rehberg GCC Abstract There is a direct correlation between environmental factors and the development of eating disorders. Issues, such as bullying and skeptical comments, have been largely ignored. This thesis will attempt to show that biological as well as environmental issues correlate with a variety of eating disorders. Eating disorders would be Anorexia, Bulimia, and Binge Eating. When environmental and biologicalRead MoreAnorexia Nervos A Type Of Eating Disorder1677 Words   |  7 PagesAnorexia Nervosa, a type of eating disorder, is occurring to many individuals in today’s time. To be diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa a person must meet the following criteria: going more than eight waking hours without eating, skipping meals, limiting the amount of calories being taken in, and eating as little as possible when meals are consumed (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Behaviors can be expressed to certain degrees and can ultimately be learned and acquired by other individuals.Read MoreThe R ole Of Nature And Nurture : Adolescence Eating Disorders1735 Words   |  7 PagesTHE ROLE OF NATURE AND NURTURE IN ADOLESCENCE EATING DISORDERS Written for Portage Learning Developmental (Lifespan) Psychology Introduction Eating disorders are complex of medical and psychiatric disorders, it can affect individuals of any age, sex, race, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic level. The majority of the Eating disorders discovered during adolescence, but clinicians and psychologists have found an increasing number of young children, old adults diagnosed with these illnessRead MoreSexual and Gender Identity, Personality, and Eating Disorders, classifications, components, and define DSM IV-TR of these disorders pluse Case Analysis1730 Words   |  7 PagesPersonality, and Eating Disorders Case Analysis Introduction Abnormal disorders diagnosed in the DSM-IV-TR, a multi-axial diagnostic tool, used by clinicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, and medical professionals for the classification of mental disorders (Hansell Damour, 2008). Axis I and Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR covers classifications of mental disorders that include unwelcome types of distress and impairment, that constitutes mental disease, disorder, and or disabilityRead MoreEffects Of Binge Eating On Eating Disorders969 Words   |  4 PagesPurging Disorder is characterized by recurrent purging (self -induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas) to control weight or shape in the absence of binge eating episodes. (Forney, Haedt-Matt, Keel, 2014) There are many behaviors associated with purging disorder such as binge eating which leads to loss of control, or overeating in anorexia nervosa. (Goldschmidt et al., 2015) Sociocultural and psychiatric factors are also believed to be important in the subject of weight concern s

Human Resources Information System free essay sample

Introduction Human resource management information system (HRIS) refers to as software or a system that is used to handle human resource data in an organization. It is also referred to as a human resource management system (HRMS) (Talwar, 2006). HRIS connects the human resource management department and the information technology department in order to solve human resource data needs in an organization. It is worth noting that most of the leading organizations have a large number of employees and it is difficult and uneconomical to handle all the details of the employees manually. It is therefore important to have a software or online solution to the human resource data needs. Some of the functions of HRIS in an organization include data entry and data tracking among other functions (Compare HRIS, 2008). This report aims at evaluating the HRIS used by Kharafi National Company. Kharafi National was formed in 1976 from a local contracting company to a global company based in the UAE (Kharafa National, 2007, a). The company offers a wide range of services ranging from project development, facilities management and communication among others. According to the analysis conducted on the UAE companies in 2009, Kharafi National is a multi-disciplined world- class pan- Arabian company that operates internationally. The company has registered a rapid growth in the last 2 decades. For instance, in the year 2011, the company forecasted an annual turnover of US$ 2. 5 billion and a workforce of 35136 employees. Among the employees of Kharafi National, managers, superintendents, clerical staff, and technicians constitute 11% ( Kharafa National, 2007, d ). This means that Kharafi National is a large company with a large number of employees in all parts of the world. The company operates globally with its head office in the UAE. It is therefore difficult for the management at the head office to handle human resource data manually or for the employees in the different parts of the world to visit the head office in UAE whenever they want to submit some information regarding their employment and other activities of the company and policies affecting the employees (Kharafa National, 2007, b). The company therefore has well developed HRIS that enables the management to handle most of the human resources data needs online. Similarly, employees of the company are able to track and update their data without visiting the head office through the company’s HRIS. This report tries to evaluate the Kharafi National’s HRIS in order to determine its impact to the company’s human resource management processes. This report will involve a literature review of all the readily available information about the Kharafi National’s HRIS. The information reviewed will be obtained from the available business journals, Kharafa National’s website, books, online academic journals Description and history of HRIS model used by the company The Kharafi National’ HRIS is as old as the history of the company. Since the formation of the company in 1976, the company has been giving information technology priority in its activities and human resource management is one of them. The company has embraced information technology throughout its history as a way of improving its efficiency and competencies. The company uses a data warehouse model of HRIS to manage its human resources data. This is an advanced model that standardizes all the systems in the different units of the company. This can be represented diagrammatically as shown below Figure 1. Source (Talwar, 2006). The system is controlled from a central palace in the head office of the organization and all the departments can access the company’s data available in the system. Services provided by the Kharafa National’ HRIS model The above model connects all the activities of the Kharafa National Company to the central head office in the UAE. The HRIS is used by the employees of the company throughout the world but in different capacities. It serves as a communication between the regional branches of the company and the head ffice in UAE as shown on the diagram above diagram, Figure 1. The company’s model facilitates communication, data updating, data tracking and data submission from all the departments of the company and all the branches and human resources worldwide. The system has helped the company to maximize resources, cut costs, and minimize time wastage in management. Generally, the HRIS helps the company to manage its human resourc es from the head office in the UAE ( Kharafa National, 2007, c ). HR activities supported by the Kharafa National’s HRIS The company’s HRIS support various human resources activities of the company and ensure that the multinational employees of the company are well linked and connected with the head office. The following are some of the major human resource activities that are supported by the company’s HRIS: 1. Management of the employee data- Kharafi National is a multinational company and it has thousands of employees HRIS enables the management of the company to manage all the information of the employees from the central head office ( Kharafa National, 2007, c ). . Payroll preparation and integration with other financial and accounting systems- The HRIS has enabled the management of the company to integrate the employee’s payroll and other financial systems of the company for easy management of employee remuneration. 3. Employee data storage- the HRIS has enabled the company to ensure that all the data pertaining the company’s employees are well stored and can be easily accessed with ease from the end office and by employees from wherever they are online. 4. Administration of employee benefits- the company is able to administer employee benefits such as change of status, information backups an enrollment online without having the employee to visit the head office (Talwar, 2006). 5. Employee reporting and analysis- the management of the Kharafi national is able to evaluate and monitor employee information without having to call them to the head office or visit their places of work. 6. Employee recruitment and promotion management- the HRIS has enabled the management of the company to conduct employee recruitment, promotion, applicant tracking and resume management online. Staff reaction to the implementation of the HRIS Like any other organization that introduces a new system to its existing one, Kharafi National Company witnessed difficulties when introducing HRIS into its system. However, the company emphasized on its information technology department and the company was able to incorporate HRIS into its system without affecting the company’s employees and other management processes (Mohapatra, 2010). Initially, the staffs of Kharafi National were not friendly to the idea of introducing HRIS to in the company. This was because most of the company employees were not conversant with information technology and they felt that HRIS could just make their working more difficult. Some even felt that the system could make them lose their jobs. This was a few years after the company was formed and there were less HR data to handle. Additionally, the company had not expanded internationally and most of the activities were handled locally. Consequently, staffs of Kharafi National were able to handle all the activities of the company manually (Mohapatra, 2010). However, with time the activities of the company expanded and the as it spread its business globally and the company ventured into more different sectors. Handling the HR data became complicated and the staff had difficulties in ensuring that all the activities of different parts of the world and on a timely basis. As a result, the idea of introducing HRIS into the company became necessary to the staff of Kharafa National. Although most of the staff did not welcome introduction of HRIS immediately it was introduced, they later became friendly to the implementation of HRIS after familiarizing with it and realizing that it was meant to make their work easier. However this was after intervention by the top management of Kharafi National Company through seminars, training and workshops. HRIS professionals were also outsourced by the company to orientate the Kharafi National staff on how to use it. Eventually, the staff was able to acclimatize with the use of HRIS in the company and accepted it. Staff training during the implementation of HRIS in the company The kharafa National Company had to train its staff on how to use the HRIS in order to make them friendly to it and ensure that their performance was affected. One of the initial training that the company offered to its staff was how to use the new system to carry out the HR of the company ( Looise, 2011). The staffs were trained on how to incorporate their existing works into the new system without losing it. This was followed with training on how to update, remove and distribute data through the system among others. There was also need to educate the staff on the work related benefits they could get by using HRIS effectively. This was important to ensure they have accepted it and take it positively because some of them thought it was meant to make them jobless ( Looise, 2011). It was also important to train the employees on minor technical procedures that they could do in case the system develops technical itches while they are working. This was done to ensure that employees were not stressed or stuck when using the new system. The training was effective because the company was able to ensure that there was no production challenges during the transition period and throughout the implementation of the HRIS afterwards. The company was also able to change the perception they had towards the HRIS and ensure that they are friendly to it. It is also worth noting that the company was able to expand its business worldwide and still ensure that all the human resources data is controlled from the head office in UAE. The company was able to maintain its staff members who were not well conversant with the functionality of HRIS by training them. This shows that indeed the training was effective. Benefits and pitfalls experienced by the HR departments with the HRIS Although Kharafi National was successful in introducing HRIS into its system, it is worth noting that not all companies introducing HRIS into the company’s HR department is not always a smooth transition. The process comes with both benefits and pitfalls which include the following: Advantages 1. Efficiency and competence- introduction of HRIS ensures the HR departments are more effective and competent in their activities. The departments are able to handle the employee data in a more timely and accurate ways there ensuring that the employees of the organization in questionnaire satisfied (Looise, 2011). 2. Time saving- the HRIS makes the handling of data easier and this saves the time spent by the HR department handling the employee information. 3. Accuracy- HRIS is more accurate than manual handling of the data by the HR department staff. 4. Innovation- use of HRIS enables the HR department staff to become more inventive and discover new ways of making their work more efficient through the use of technology ( Bagdi, 2012). 5. Integration with other departments- HRIS enables the HR department to connect with other departments of the organization and this makes the working easier. Disadvantages 1. Lack of acceptance- HR departments experience difficulties in implementing HRIS when the staff fails to accept and take HRIS positively ( Looise, 2011). 2. Lack of adequate knowledge- some of the staff members in the HR departments are not conversant with IT and this becomes a challenge for the HR department. 3. Lack of maintenance technicians- some of the HR departments does not have technicians to service the system and this becomes a challenge when it fails. Conclusion In this report I found that the introduction of HRIS by the Kharafi National to its systems has enabled the company to improve the way it handles its human resources data. HRIS has enabled the company to automate most of its human resources data and this has made it able to serve all its employees from all the parts of the world without having to travel to the head office at the UAE. It is also evident from the study that although some HR departments have challenges with HRIS, the system is more beneficial to the modern companies and its worth implementing. Recommendation * Keep up with the new technology and try to update the system and change it to match the need of the company * Don’t rely on the technology and forget the manpower because they are the real assets to the company and without them the company cannot achieve the success * Train the employee and inform them about any change will happen before any implementation * Provide maintenance technicians for HR department to help them fix any problem may face HR employees References Bagdi. S . ( 2012). Practical Human Resource Information Systems. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd Compare HRIS. ( 2008). HRIS Overview. Retrieved on 10th May 2013 from http://www. comparehris. com/HRIS-overview/ Kharafa National. ( 2007). About us. Retrieved on 10th May 2013 from http://www. kharafinational. com/kn/companyprofile/aboutus. html Kharafa National. ( 2007). Human resources. Retrieved on 10th May 2013 from http://www. kharafinational. com/kn/operations%20services/human_resources. tml Kharafa National. ( 2007). Information Technology. Retrieved on 10th May 2013 from http://www. kharafinational. com/kn/operations%20services/information_technoloty. html Kharafa National. ( 2007). Retrieved on 10th May 2013 from http://www. kharafinational. com/kn/index. html Looise. J. C. (2011). Electronic HRM in Theory and Practice. Emerald Group Publishing. Mohapatra. (2010). Business Process Automation. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Talwar. P. (2006). Human Resource Management. Gyan Publishing House.

Mercantilism Essays (630 words) - Economic Nationalism,

Mercantilism Mercantilism Mercantilism was a method of trade used by 16th, 17th, and 18th century Monarchies to increase exports and the amount of imports of precious metals coming in. In a country under mercantilist persuasion, a country would do all it could to bring in money. Treaties were made with countries so that one trading country would have exclusive trading privileges in another country. A country would control the production of items, (how much and how many) and then encouraged these items be traded to other countries. With goal obviously being profit, these countries sought to sell more than they bought. The raw materials needed for products were mostly gotten from the inside instead of buying from outside. Frequently, manufacturing and production would go before practices such as farming or the like. Countries that had colonies across oceans or in different places in the continent would by all means use these connections to their advantage and take every dime and quarter they could. It became a practice of many parent countries to frequently call in their profits to enhance the banks at home. One could compare the Mercantile System to Communism or a Socialist economy. Mercantilism was not as extreme as communism, in that the concept was not to control a persons life and being, but rather, focused on the financial wellbeing and wealth. It would seem more akin to Socialism, even though the people own the means of production instead of individuals for the benefit of the population. The king retained the power to grand monopolies on trade or export to certain individuals, therefor strengthening his own power over people. Many of these wealth seeking countries also sought other things: namely, more land, fertile land, so as to extend their trading farther and farther into new worlds, such as the Americas. . The Mercantile practices also had effect on population growth and decline. Many people who lived in outward areas of cities soon saw the benefits of living in the city, such as jobs in industry where money was relatively steady and not depending whether it rains in the next 2 weeks. The farmers put down the plows and instead took up a job in town. Many people also moved into the cities just because of conditions and safety. Those who lived in mountains would move down into the plains, or into cities, sometimes only seasonally to work. They also moved sometimes country to country, such as people living in France going to Spain to work, and the like. The fear of every mercantilist country was, as one index put it, fear of goods or fear of deficits in trade. As it is today, the fear was that one would pay out their profits of exporting to import what they need, therefor losing the wealth they so desperately wanted. They tried to get gold bullion wherever and however they could. Countries became wealthier, and spent money on things such as enlargement of cities, estates for officials, and town areas, and day to day government. This money also went to fund the many wars that were occurring at the time. The money also went into the creation of large shipping industries and a larger population trained in industry. This however was also the downfall, since with the growth of wealth also came inflation. Inflation caused the price of everything from food, to beverages, housing, and raw materials to go up. The towns could no longer support such huge industries and the exporting, and therefore the system went belly up. The idea behind Mercantilism was to control the production of goods by the government so long as it benefits the people. Did it benefit the people? For a while yes, but ultimately drove the people into the ground. European History

Art, Clothing, and Fashion essays

Art, Clothing, and Fashion essays When talking about clothing it is hard not to discuss fashion; and when speaking about fashion, it is hard to omit the influence of art. Thus, these three words go hand in hand to give meaning to each other. Art, clothing, and fashion influence each other and provide basis for us to understand each one. Anyone who has ever visited an art show or art museum can easily see that art comes in various forms. Art ranges from an oil painting hanging on the wall to a statue made out of syrup and waffles. Websters desk reference dictionary defines art as n. human skill as opposed to nature, applied to music, poetry, painting; a system or rules, a profession or craft. If we use Websters definition of art as human skill, it basically defines everything that we as humans create. I agree with this definition because I feel that while there is art in the form of paintings and sculptures there is also art in how someone dances or sings. In my opinion art is best defined as the human ability to create something whether it be a song, painting, article of clothing, or written piece. While I have provided my own personal definition of art, I feel that art holds different definitions for different people. Art intersects with clothing and fashion because many designs are influenced by art. Everything from color to form and shape can be borrowed from art and revealed through clothing and fashion. In return artists can use fashion and clothing as an inspiration for their work. Websters dictionary defines clothing as both a noun and verb; meaning garments in general dress or wearing apparel. This is a very broad definition that does not include things such as accessories that are also a part of clothing. Clothing is also much more than just wearing apparel, if that were the case we would not care what we wear. Clothing conveys messages to others about your p ...

Analysis of the U.S. Health Care System

Analysis of the U.S. Health Care System U.S. Health Care System Radhika Chhabra Healthcare within the United States has captured different people within the field such as business leaders, policy makers, and health experts to give the system a reformation. Within the year of 1993 and 1994 the United States government has changed over the course of the year and made sure that the reformation of the nation’s health care system stays intact. There are many underlying issues within the health care system and they need to have problems fixed as soon as possible and provide care to patients that are needed. â€Å"Unlike many other issues, the polls of American health care could be defined simply: health care costs too much and too many Americans go without needed care. Yet agreeing on a cure for those ills proved to be exceedingly difficult† (Cloyd, 2014). The United States carries on different ideas to improve their healthcare system and it seems like the way of expansion they need to have the proper access t o provide the correct services that are needed within the U.S. health care system. Within the U.S. healthcare system the costs need to be lowered because the prices are tending to escalate within different organizations and the delivery of healthcare. The United States has been tied up within their problems and their main concern is the financial resources that are unable to be provided to them. This is one of the reasons why the U.S. depends on other countries to look for cures and other solution to provide medical care for patients. With different accesses that should be able to guarantee the control of costs within a health care facility. It tends to make it more difficult at times when they do not know what to expect and that ends up being risky and uncertain. The U.S. health care system needs to be successful with changing the system and the way they approach patients in the delivery. â€Å"Therefore the right question is whether measures exist that can improve conditions subs tantially within a reasonable amount of time. Different health care systems meet different needs and set different priorities. Each health care system tries to meet priorities, and in doing so each has disadvantages and advantages† (Cloyd, 2014). By reforming the healthcare system the U.S. should follow other countries institutions and making decisions what is best for their patients and their facilities. The consideration is that the country adopted other conditions from other countries and that makes it clarify that that it cannot be possible to transition into another nation’s health care system. The people that are involved within the transition are the ones that are interested with specific features of other medical equipment and what they system provide to help patients out with their care. The U.S. system has different companies around the country that will provide medical care to their patients but have adaptation from different Japanese manufactures that will p rovide high quality techniques. The reason why the United States can adopt different aspects of different countries healthcare systems is because they can learn from each other on their culture and technology. People are showing the same and or different challenges that they face within a medical facility and for those reasons they are able to learn off one another. â€Å"Thus, the search for solutions has become global in scope, as the United States looks beyond its borders to examine how other industrialized nations provide and finance health care. Such lessons from abroad are made possible by cross-national comparisons and analyses of the extensive comparative data and information available† (Cloyd, 2014). There are different challenges that people tend to face within the American health care system and those are: the pressure of populations, the medical increases in costs and expensive procedures that are being done. Different nations are having a hard time of balancing t hese issues and making sure that they get resolved in a timely matter to making sure that everything works best for the patients. â€Å"There’s a bright side, to be sure. The U.S. leads the world in health care research and cancer treatment, for instance. The five-year survival rate for breast cancer is higher in the U.S. than in other OECD countries and survival from colorectal cancer is also among the best, according to the group (Kane, 2012). The US and other countries need to show an interest in another and see the benefits from each country and what they can provide for one another. Medical facilities need to feed off one another from different countries and see what they can provide and bring to the table that way their expansion can be bigger and better.

Illustrate how Shakespeare's Macbeth and John Clare's poetry use Essay

Illustrate how Shakespeare's Macbeth and John Clare's poetry use animals to present a message about human affairs such as politi - Essay Example It encompasses all religions, poetries, arts, histories, dramas, fictions and non-fictions. It enhances and reshapes the readers’ perception of life by providing them a wider spectrum through imaginary or factual narrations. It represents man’s relationship to man using images and symbols. As C. S. Lewis debates that â€Å"Literature adds to reality, it does not simply describe it. It enriches the necessary competencies that daily life requires and provides; and in this respect, it irrigates the deserts that our lives have already become"1. Thus, it is not a mere picture of reality rather it is a process of value addition in it; and represents prevailing cultures and norms of a particular society pointing out its various aspects. Literature can be regarded as a wise teacher. It presents examples, illustrations, and incidents in front of the readers to correlate their own lives and draw intellectual conclusions from them. Symbols and images are the most important tools of literature. Image represents reality whereas symbols stand for comparable aspects. The writers use them to create sharp and vivid images in the minds of the readers so that they may see their own worth in comparison to the characters and factors presented. Other than creating sharp fantasies, images serve to offer a deep penetration into the emotions and feelings of the characters in a particular situation. Thus, whenever a character in Ibsen’s plays feel emotional turmoil, he goes straight to the stove or fire. Fielding plays with the images of clothing and nakedness in ‘Joseph Andrews’ to use them as the symbols of human intentions,2 and status; Shakespeare uses them to explain seven stages of human life3 and Tennyson uses them to present facts in disguise. Animals have been a constant, continuous and effective source of symbols and images in English literature. Writers have used animals to represent and symbolise certain features of human nature. For exampl e, Shakespeare refers to snail to explain the pace of a school going child4; Jonathan Swift offered horse-like yahoos5; Alfred Tennyson has used the image of an eagle in his poem ‘The Eagle’ to explain the vigilance and crookedness with which authoritative ruler takes care of his estate6; Wordsworth has referred to Nightingale and cuckoo bird in ‘Solitary Reaper’ to explain the sweetness and thrill of maiden’s song and voice; Sylvia Plath has used bees7; Adrienne Rich referred to Tigers8, etc. For ages, this sort of imagery had been taken as aesthetics of writers. It is only now that cultural criticism is made upon this particular feature to highlight its social, political and religious aspects. This innovative field of critical study is called, ‘Ecocriticism’. Ecocriticism Ecocriticism challenges the study of literature’s relationship to the world. It is a key to the new awareness of life sciences. The main argument in natural sc iences states that the natural environment is an exclusive contributor to the human life and social values. Cultural change can be induced by the adaptation to the environment. It

Thirty Years' War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Thirty Years' War - Essay Example The Thirty Years’ War is viewed by many historians as a German civil war, and a religious war. The war was religious in that it involved conflicts between Protestants (Lutherans and Calvinists) and Catholics. The war was also civil in nature considering that Germany’s principalities, at the time, engaged in conflict in opposition of the Habsburgs at different occasions over the thirty year duration2. In the course of the war, the Habsburgs received opposition from various quarters beyond national borders. Across the borders, the Dutch, Danish Sweden and France, opponents of House of Austria, confirmed their extended opposition to the Habsburgs. This paper will discuss the Thirty Years’ War in light of its four principal phases, the phases being The Bohemian intervention, the Danish phase, the Swedish phase and the French intervention. Causes of the War The causes of the Thirty Years’ War, according to many a historian, is as varied and complex as the numbe r of participants. In other words, the main reason behind the war cannot be accurately presented in one cause. Many historians believe that the war was initially a result of conflict between Catholics and Protestants ((Lutherans and Calvinists) residing in the Roman Empire3. ... The Peace, signed by Emperor Charles V was meant to end the conflict between German Catholics and Lutherans. Meanwhile, secular powers retained the lands that they had taken from the Roman church even as the rulers of Germany held the authority to impose their religions on subjects4. Internal rivalry in the Roman Empire in relation to power balance and politics also contributed significantly to the degeneration with other European powers centering the scene. The fight for political pre-eminence in respect of the rivalry between Habsburg and Bourbon aggravated the conflict to the extent of France joining the conflict in a show of might. The Bohemian Period The Bohemian period started in 1618 and ended roughly in 1625. In 1617 Ferdinand of Styria, a member of the Hapsburg family, was elected king of Bohemia by the Bohemian Diet. The king who was a strong supporter of Catholicism reigned as Holy Roman emperor a couple of years later. Bohemian Calvinists, for fear of losing their religio us rights, revolted in 1618 throwing some Catholic members of the Bohemian royal council off a window in what is popularly known as the Defenestration of Prague. Ferdinand II, with the support of Maximilian I of Bavaria attacked Bohemia under the command of Baron Tilly. In the Battle of White Mountain, Tilly won the war against Fredick V forcing the latter to flee to Holland. Ferdinand II hence regained the throne as King of Bohemia as Maximilian took acquisition of the Palatinate with a Catholic and Hapsburg victory5. The Danish Intervention (1625-1629) When King Christian IV, a Holy Roman Empire prince, Denmark ruler, duke of Holstein, and Lutheran supported the protests directed against Ferdinand II, the Danish intervention officially took root. Ferdinand on his part